Rules of Ethics

• Insurance Review publishes papers written in compliance with standards of academic integrity. Insurance Review adheres to Core Practices and Guidelines for the publishing process developed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
• Consequently, the Editorial Board will record and publicly disclose all violations of scholarly integrity such as ghostwriting or guest authorship. If a manuscript has more than one author, the co-authors should describe their individual contributions to the work by completing the Declaration of Co-authorship.
• The above-mentioned rules of conduct apply to all participants in the publication process. These participants are obliged to give notice of any conflict of interest.
• If the preparation of a manuscript receives external financing, the author must disclose that fact in the paper’s introduction section.
• If it is revealed that the author(s) has committed an ethical violation, the Editor-in-chief will ask them for an explanation and takes further steps in accordance with COPE Practices and Guidelines.

Principles for authors

Principle of scientific integrity: Authors of texts submitted for publication are required to provide a fair description of the research work performed and to interpret the results objectively. The papers should contain enough information to identify the sources of data, as well as to repeat the research. Unreliable or unethical presentation and interpretation of data and research results is unacceptable and may result in rejection of the text at the initial stage or withdrawal of the text.

Principle of originality of the work: Authors may submit only their own original texts for publication. When they use the research and/or words of others, they should use appropriate markings indicating citation. Plagiarism or fabrication of data is not acceptable.

Principle of reliability of sources: Authors of submitted papers are always obliged to indicate the publications that they used in creating the article and that influenced their own findings.

Multiple or simultaneous publication of the text: Authors should not publish texts describing the same research in more than one journal. Submitting the same work to more than one journal is considered unethical.

Principles for authorship of the paper: All persons listed in the submitted paper as authors or co-authors should actually have significant participation in the creation of the text (design, idea, planning, execution, interpretation of results). Also, all persons who influenced the final form of the work should be listed as co-authors. It is the responsibility of the Author submitting the text for publication to make sure that those who contributed to the article accept its final form.

Other individuals who contributed partly to the text should be included in the acknowledgments section in the first footnote.

Disclosure and conflict of interest: All Authors should disclose in their texts any financial or other relevant conflicts of interest that may have shaped the findings presented. All sources of financial support for a given project should be disclosed.

Errors in published work: If the Author(s) discovers significant errors or inaccuracies in their texts, they are required to notify the journal’s editors immediately in order to withdraw the text, make an errata or correct the errors that have occurred.

Data sharing principle: Authors may be asked to submit unprocessed research results, so they should be prepared to provide access to those data, including for some time after the paper is published.

Rules for reviewers

Reviewers have influence over editorial decisions of the Editorial Board. They can also, upon prior agreement with the Author, and while maintaining anonymity, help Authors improve their published papers.

Principle of timeliness: The reviewer is obliged to deliver the review by the established deadline. If a reviewer is unable to prepare a review by the deadline or for substantive reasons, as well as for other reasons, they should immediately inform the editors.

Confidentiality principle: All peer-reviewed papers are confidential, which means that disclosure or access to third parties is not permitted (except to those authorized to do so).

The principle of maintaining standards of objectivity: Reviews should be objective in nature. Personal criticism of the authors of papers is considered unacceptable. All observations of the reviewer should be presented clearly and should be adequately argued.

The principle of reliability of sources: The reviewer, if necessary, should identify relevant works not cited by the Author.  The reviewer should also point out any relevant similarities to other works.

Transparency and conflict of interest:  The reviewer is obliged to maintain the confidentiality of information of special interest, as well as ideas acquired as a result of the review process, and may not use it for their own benefit. In the event of a conflict of interest, they refuse to agree to review the text.

Rules for Editorial Board members

Control of ethical standards: The Editorial Board continuously monitors compliance with ethical standards and principles related to the publication of scientific texts and takes measures to counteract practices that do not comply with accepted ethical standards.

The fair play principle:  The editors evaluate texts submitted for publication solely on their merits. Issues such as race, gender, religion, origin, citizenship or political beliefs of Authors do not in any way affect the evaluation of articles.

Confidentiality principle: The editors do not disclose any information about papers submitted for publication to unauthorized persons. The only persons authorized to have this information are as follows: the Authors themselves, selected reviewers, and the publisher exclusively.

Conflict of interest: Unpublished articles may not be used by members of the editorial team, or by others involved in publishing procedures, without the written consent of the Authors. Advertising, reprinting and any financial gain do not affect editorial decisions.

Principle of scientific integrity:  The editors undertake to make every effort to maintain the scientific integrity of the published works. To this end, members of the Editorial Board may make appropriate corrections and, in the case of suspected fraudulent practices (plagiarism, falsification of research results), decide to withdraw the text from publication. The editors, if necessary, are always ready to publish also appropriate corrigenda, clarifications or apologies.

Withdrawal of the text (retraction):

The editors consider withdrawing a published text or text in the course of the publication process in cases where:

– the results of the research have been previously published elsewhere;

– the work bears the signs of plagiarism, self-plagiarism or violates ethical principles;

– the text has been previously published in whole or in substantial part without proper reference, approvals or justification (including cases of multiple reproduction of identical text);

– the text presents unethical content;

– there is clear evidence of unreliability of research results, fabrication of data, and if unintentional errors have been made (e.g., calculation errors, methodological errors).

The editors inform the Author of the refusal to publish or withdrawal of the text.

Such information should indicate precise reasons for refusal of publication. Publication may be refused in particular if the Author has not responded to or taken into account the reviewers’ comments.

The notice of withdrawal of the text shall contain information about the person (the heading should include at least the title and name(s) of the Author(s) of the work) and the reasons justifying the withdrawal of the text. The reasons are given to distinguish unintentional errors from intentional misuse.

Withdrawn texts are not removed from the published version of the journal, but the fact of their withdrawal will be clearly marked.

The ghostwriting barrage and guest authorship: the editors, concerned with the scientific integrity of the published texts, carry out the selection of submitted articles in accordance with the rules of ghostwriting barrage and guest authorship.

We deal with ghostwriting when someone has made a significant contribution to the publication, without disclosing their participation as one of the authors or without mentioning their role in the acknowledgments included in the publication. We deal with guest authorship (honorary authorship) when the author’s contribution is negligible or did not take place at all, but nevertheless is indicated as an author or co-author of the publication.

In order to counteract cases of ghostwriting, guest authorship, the editors of the journal introduce the following procedures:

1. The editors require from Authors of a publication to disclose the contribution of individual Authors to the publication (with their affiliation and contribution, i.e. information on who authored the concept, assumptions, methods, protocol, etc. used in the preparation of the publication), with the primary responsibility being borne by the Author submitting the text. For this purpose, Authors fill out the Declaration of Contribution of individual Authors to the creation of the collective study located in the tab: “Information for Authors”.
2. Ghostwriting, guest authorship are manifestations of scientific dishonesty, and any detected cases will be disclosed, including notification of relevant entities (institutions employing Authors, scientific societies, associations of scientific editors, etc.).
3. The editors shall require information about the sources of funding of publications, contributions of scientific research institutions, associations and other entities (financial disclosure).

The editors document all manifestations of scientific dishonesty, especially violations of the principles of ethics applicable to science.

Contributors should send their declarations by mail, using the above forms.

Contact Information:

wiad_ubezp@piu.org.pl

„Wiadomości Ubezpieczeniowe”

ul. Twarda 18

00-105 Warszawa